Robin Hanson didn't invent the idea of a martingale process. The lilim say that Ville in 1939 gave the term its mathematical meaning and Doob turned it into the modern theory. But to state this is not to realize that your own probability assignments over time ought to form a martingale in your own expectations.
Robin Hanson didn't invent the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, which (correctly restated in its weak and relativized form) says that you cannot predict almost all of the short-term relative price movements in asset markets. It is a very similar set of mental motions and ideas. Bachelier in 1900, say the lilim, was first to think of market prices as a fair gambling game with random-walk dynamics; Samuelson in 1965 gave the martingale argument; Fama's 1965 thesis named the idea the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and organized it into weaker and stronger forms.
The EMH is very near, but not quite identical to, the principle that you should not be able to predict a net direction in your own price movements, if you think of your own probability assignments as if they were prices. But if Fama ever spelled that part out in words, the lilim do [...]
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