TL;DR: This document provides an overview of publicly available evidence regarding the monitoring practices of internally deployed agents within frontier AI companies (focusing on OAI, Anthropic, and GDM). This is intended as a reference for factual claims about monitoring practices.
In general, there is limited public evidence about GDM monitoring practices. Much of the information herein comes from the GDM control roadmap, which is a plan that makes suggestions but does not make claims about GDM's actual practices.
Transcripts are primarily monitored asynchronously/offline.
Anthropic:
Evidence: “Our main form of asynchronous monitoring is an automated offline monitoring pipeline.” Ant, August 2026 p. 76
OAI
Evidence: “We began asynchronously monitoring internally deployed models such as GPT-5.3-Codex five months ago [in September 2025].” OAI Feb 2026
Evidence: “our monitoring system reviews interactions within 30 minutes of completion” OAI March 2026
Evidence: “OpenAI's CoT monitors are connected to a system that notifies security and research personnel, with a goal of issuing a notification within 30 minutes after concerning activity is surfaced… If the safety, security and research teams are paged and they cannot conclusively determine within 30 minutes that the flag is a false positive, those teams are expected [...]
The original text contained 8 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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