When the Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem in 1071, it wasn't just another change of rulers—it was a seismic shift that severed the city from its Egyptian Fatimid overlords and plunged it into the Sunni-Shia power struggles of the Islamic world. The Seljuk commander Atsiz ibn Uwaq, a Turkic warlord, marched south from Syria, took the city with surprising speed, and then faced a Fatimid counterattack that would end in a bloody massacre inside the walls of al-Aqsa. This episode follows Atsiz's rise and fall, the brutal logic of medieval conquest, and how the Seljuk takeover of Jerusalem helped trigger the chain of events that led to the First Crusade. We look at the role of the Turkish mamluks, the collapse of Fatimid authority under Caliph al-Mustansir, and the strange story of the city's brief return to Shia rule before the crusaders arrived. It's a chapter of Jerusalem's history that rarely gets its due—but it explains a lot about what came next.
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