Every hardware wallet is built around one idea: keep your keys offline, show you exactly what you're signing, and malware on your computer can't touch your Bitcoin. So what happens when the attack never touches the device at all? In the [Nth] episode of The Quantum Bitcoin Podcast, Bitcoin historian Pete Rizzo and co-host Nathan Jeffay put that question to Charles Guillemet, Chief Technology Officer at Ledger, a cryptographer whose team is already building post-quantum signatures into Ledger's secure element, and who says that as long as the blockchain itself is not quantum safe, there is nothing a wallet maker can do.Episode [N] is the one that looks at quantum from the wallet's side: why an attacker with a quantum computer can compute your keys just by watching the chain, why he thinks Bitcoin would be an epiphenomenon on a true Q-Day, and how a zero-knowledge proof of your seed's parent key could separate real owners from attackers after the chain is halted. He takes apart the argument that hashed addresses keep coins safe, since public keys already sit in wallet infrastructure, logs and RPC nodes. It covers the 3 questions any migration has to answer and why Bitcoin is only debating the easiest one, the 10x throughput cost of bigger signatures, and what stateful SHRINCS signatures would mean for wallets, including why 24 words alone may no longer be enough to recover. It closes with what happens if Bitcoin can't reach consensus and the market has to choose between hard forks, why the rest of the world is moving to ML-DSA while Bitcoin pursues hash-based signatures, and his own case for ML-DSA paired with bigger blocks.The Quantum Bitcoin Podcast is a series examining the quantum threat to Bitcoin, designed to be watched in sequence. Each episode opens with a discussion between the hosts, presents extended interviews with expert guests on a single key question, and closes with a recap of how the evidence has changed their thinking.Links referenced:Ledger - https://www.ledger.com/Ledger blog - https://www.ledger.com/blogCharles Guillemet on SHRINCS - [article link]Project Eleven - https://www.projecteleven.com/https://www.nist.gov/pqcryptoML-DSA (FIPS 204) - https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/finalSLH-DSA (FIPS 205) - https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/205/finalBIP-39 - https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawikiCryptography and physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-quantum_cryptographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proofhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_cryptographyGUESTSCharles Guillemet is the Chief Technology Officer of Ledger and a cryptographer. He has followed the post-quantum migration closely since NIST standardized its first quantum-safe algorithms and set migration deadlines of 2030 for critical systems and 2035 for everything else. For more than a year he has taken part in discussions with the Ethereum Foundation, NEAR and Bitcoin developers on how blockchains should migrate. He writes regularly on security, AI and post-quantum cryptography.FOLLOWThe Quantum Bitcoin Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@QuantumBitcoinPodcastPete Rizzo: https://x.com/pete_rizzo_Charles Guillemet: https://x.com/P3b7_New episodes release weekly. Subscribe to follow the full series.

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