Why does Lebanon officially recognize 18 religious sects? The answer leads back to 1864 and a single Ottoman law — the Tashkilat Vilayet Nizamnamesi — that reorganized the empire's provinces after the 1860 civil war. But the real story is how this law, combined with the earlier Règlement Organique for Mount Lebanon, created a system where religious identity became a political and legal category. Lucas and Luna trace the forgotten origins of Lebanese sectarianism: from the Mutasarrifiyya's council of mixed sects, to the French Mandate's formalization of confessional quotas, to the 1943 National Pact that cemented it. Along the way they meet forgotten figures like the reformist Ottoman statesman Fuad Pasha and the French architect of Greater Lebanon, Henri Gouraud. This is Episode 168 of The Story of Lebanon, a Fexingo History podcast.
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