In 1039, the Chola Emperor Rajaraja Choda II crossed the Himalayas to launch a surprise invasion of Nepal. This episode explores how a southern Indian empire reached the Kathmandu Valley, defeated the local rulers, and established a brief but significant period of Chola suzerainty. We examine the military logistics of crossing the mountains, the role of Tibetan mercenaries in the defense, and the lasting cultural impact of this unusual south-to-north conquest. Discover the forgotten history of the Chola-Nepal conflict, including the tribute systems, the integration of Shaivite practices into Nepali royal ideology, and how this event reshaped the political landscape of medieval South Asia long before the rise of the Gorkha Kingdom.
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