In 1260, the Mongol Empire stood at the peak of its terrifying power, having swept through Persia and shattered the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. Yet their advance into the Levant was halted not by a massive Christian army, but by a small, desperate force of Mamluk slave-soldiers led by Sultan Qutuz and General Baibars. This episode explores the geopolitical chess game that followed the death of the Mongol Great Khan Möngke, which left Hulagu Khan’s forces isolated. We examine the critical Battle of Ain Jalut, where terrain and tactical brilliance turned the tide against an seemingly invincible cavalry. Beyond the battlefield, we look at how this victory preserved Islamic rule in Jerusalem, allowing for the reconstruction of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the establishment of a new era of Mamluk patronage that reshaped the city’s architectural and religious landscape for centuries to come.
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