We cover:

- How process innovation differs from product innovation, why Indian firms struggle to transition between the two, the importance of tacit knowledge, and why Indian academia is historically disconnected from industry.

- It also covers intellectual property trade-offs, the Indian pharma story, complementary assets, temporary protectionism, the necessity of primary mass education, and the reality of IIM Ahmedabad’s entrepreneurial legacy.

Time Stamps:

0:00: Introduction

1:59: The three Ps of innovation (process, product, practice) and why the process-to-product transition is so hard for Indian firms.

11:51: Competition vs. innovation: why there's no "optimal" level of competition a policymaker can target, and the case for temporary, transparent protection.

24:14: Why Indian pharma is stuck in process innovation: the state funds and performs R&D, unlike NIH/NSF-style grants that de-risk private R&D.

30:29: Complementary assets: why inventors need manufacturing, distribution, and M&A/technology markets to capture value from new technology.

43:06: The Telco lesson on protectionism: "You're protected for 10 years, get your act together" and the "virtuous cycle" of learning from multinationals.

1:00:03: Why IITs/IIMs couldn't hold equity in startups they incubated, and the separate-legal-entity workaround.

1:27:07: Busting the myth that IIM-A only produces managers: 35–40% of alumni become entrepreneurs within 15 years.


 

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