In Episode 86 of LDS Discussions on Mormon Stories, we examine historical accounts of Joseph Smith’s treasure-digging activities and the reported use of animal sacrifice in attempts to locate buried treasure. From roosters and black sheep to black dogs and white sheep, these accounts raise questions about the folk magic practices associated with Joseph Smith and the people who participated in treasure seeking in the early 19th century.
We begin with the account of Abner Cole and explore reported connections to Luman Walters, a magician and conjurer who was said to have influenced Joseph Smith’s treasure-seeking activities. We then examine accounts from William Stafford, Hiel Lewis, and others, including reports of animal sacrifices intended to appease supernatural beings and keep treasure from disappearing. We also discuss the historical context of peepers, treasure digging, and the idea that certain words, circles, and ceremonies were necessary to locate hidden treasure.
The discussion also explores interviews collected by Frederick Mather, reports involving the earth of Oliver Harper, and additional accounts attributed to Alfred Trumble, Emily Austin, Ellen Dickinson, and Nan Hill Stratton. We consider whether Joseph Smith sincerely believed in his ability to find treasure and how these stories fit into the broader history of early Mormonism.
We also discuss parallels between animal sacrifice in folk magic and sacrificial imagery in Christianity, along with the importance of examining historical figures within the full context of their lives.
A note on historical claims: This episode brings together accounts of animal sacrifice associated with Joseph Smith and early treasure digging. Our goal is to collect and discuss these claims in one place, not to independently establish the accuracy of every account.
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