Booster doses probably needed by most people, unfortunately.
https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination
US, 20.6 million so far
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html
Six months after 2nd shot
65 years and older
50–64 years with underlying medical conditions
18 – 64 years, working / living in high-risk settings
18 years and older, 2 months Johnson & Johnson/Janssen
Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel (NEJM, October 2021)
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262679v1
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255?
July 30, 2021, over 602
Third (booster) dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine was approved
60 years or older who had been fully vaccinated
August 29th, anyone over 12
At least five months previously
N = 1,144,690
2 dynamic cohorts
2 vaccines only
N = 5.2 million person days
4,439 confirmed infections
294 cases of severe covid
(based on 4.6 million person days)
2 vaccines + booster
N = 10.6 million person days
934 confirmed infections
29 cases of severe COVID-19
(based on 6.3 million person days)
(despite older demographic)
Twelve days or more after the booster dose
Increases antibody neutralization levels ~10-fold compared to after 2nd dose
11.3 fold decrease in the relative risk of confirmed infection
Efficacy among booster recipients to approximately 95%
(May have waned to 50% with time and delta variant)
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.21262423v1
19.5 fold decrease in the relative risk of severe illness
Factor reduction in reduced rate of confirmed infection in boosted versus none-boosted
In conjunction with safety reports
this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a third vaccine dose,
in both reducing transmission and severe disease,
indicates the great potential of curtailing the Delta variant resurgence by administering booster shots
Decline in immunity, UK data
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs
Protection against symptomatic disease, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine
65%, up to 3 months after the second dose
45% 6 months after the second dose
Protection against symptomatic disease, Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine
90% up to 3 months after 2nd dose
65% 6 months after the second dose
Protection against hospitalisation, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine
95% at 3 months
75% at 6 months
Protection against hospitalisation, Pfizer/BioNTech
99% at 3 months
90% at 6 months
Why this is important
A small change can generate a major shift in hospital admissions
A change from 95% to 90% against hospitalisation would lead to doubling of admissions in those vaccinated
Early UK booster results from Pfizer
Booster restores protection back up to
95.6% against symptomatic infection
Booster doses, Situation in UK
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs
8,115,229 boosted so far
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-vaccination/coronavirus-booster-vaccine/
Booster vaccine doses, available on the NHS
People most at risk from COVID-19,
who have had a 2nd dose of a vaccine at least 6 months ago
(after 5 months for high risk groups)
This includes:
Aged 50 and over
Frontline health / care workers
16 and over with a health condition
16 and over, carers or live with venerable people
Pregnant women in eligible groups
COVID-19 booster vaccine and flu vaccine
If you are offered both vaccines, it's safe to have them at the same time.
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