Before the British Mandate fully cemented its control and before the political fractures of the 1920s hardened into entrenched camps, there was a brief window in the final years of Ottoman rule when Jerusalem’s fate hung in the balance. This episode focuses on Ali Munif Bey, the last Mutasarrif of Jerusalem, whose tenure from 1914 to 1917 offers a rare glimpse into the administrative chaos of a city under siege by war. We explore how he navigated the dual pressures of the Young Turk government’s centralization policies and the rising nationalist movements among both Arab notables like Musa al-Husayni and the growing Yishuv community. By examining his correspondence with the Sublime Porte and the local Waqf structures, we uncover the human cost of imperial transition and the specific moments where policy decisions rippled through the streets of Jaffa Road. From the requisitioning of olive groves for military use to the delicate diplomacy required to maintain order during the Gallipoli campaign’s shadow, this story reveals the fragile architecture of coexistence just before it shattered.
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