In 1222, Hungary's King Andrew II issued the Golden Bull (Aranybulla), a charter that limited royal power and defined noble rights—often called the Magna Carta of Hungary. This episode explores the political crisis that led to the Bull: Andrew's costly crusades, the growing power of the servientes regis (royal servants), and the assassination of Queen Gertrude. We examine the Bull's key clauses, including annual diets, tax exemptions, and the famous right of resistance (ius resistendi) allowing nobles to defy an unjust king. Lucas and Luna discuss how the Bull influenced Hungarian constitutionalism, its parallels with England's Magna Carta, and its long evolution through later confirmations by kings like Matthias Corvinus. We also touch on the contested role of the Bull in Hungarian national identity and modern political rhetoric.
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