Episode 218 of The History of Nepal digs into the 1850s, when the young Shah king was sidelined and the real power behind the throne, Jung Bahadur Rana, launched a full-scale invasion of Tibet. The episode follows the Gorkha army's march through the high passes, the brutal siege of Kuti, and the Tibetan forces' desperate defense of the Kyirong valley. We discuss why Jung Bahadur chose to fight China over the salt trade, how the war bogged down in the Himalayas, and how the 1856 Treaty of Thapathali—rather than reshaping borders—reopened Kathmandu's ancient trade routes and cemented the Rana family's grip on Nepal. Along the way, we meet the Lhasa Newars who brokered the peace, and we look at the war's echoes in the Tibetan uprising of 1856. This is a story of strategic miscalculation, high-altitude hardship, and the quiet diplomacy that followed the gunsmoke.
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