A passenger aircraft loses radio contact with air traffic controllers. Elsewhere, a hostile missile launches towards Allied territory. These situations demand different responses, but both underscore why NATO’s Air Defence posture must be able to detect, assess, and respond to threats together.
As a defensive Alliance, NATO brings together radars, fighter jets, ground-based air and missile defence systems, and Allied warships through its Integrated Air and Missile Defence — or IAMD. Working across national borders, this network helps protect Allied territory and populations in peacetime, crisis, and conflict.
When a civilian aircraft stops communicating, ground-based and airborne radars can track its movements while fighter jets scramble to investigate. Once alongside, pilots can visually identify the aircraft, assess the situation, and, if necessary, guide it to safety.
An incoming missile requires a different response. Sensors on land, at sea, in the air, or in space can detect the threat, while NATO command posts assess its trajectory and determine an appropriate interception option. Complementary defence systems provide multiple ways to engage different threats, with ground-based systems, warships, and fighter aircraft each contributing to the wider defence.
The strength of this approach lies in integration: connecting detection, decision-making, and interception so that individual capabilities work as part of a coordinated whole.
But the threats continue to evolve.
Drones range from large military aircraft to small commercial platforms capable of causing damage and disruption, particularly when deployed in groups. Hypersonic weapons travelling at more than five times the speed of sound, with the ability to manoeuvre during flight, present further tracking and interception challenges. NATO’s new Air Defence framework addresses these modern challenges: From Air Policing to Air Defence, NATO is prepared and postured to tackle these challenges as Allies are developing capabilities to address these threats while adapting the defences already in place.
For more than six decades, NATO’s Air Defence has helped safeguard Allied skies. Its purpose remains constant: maintaining vigilance, responding to threats, and protecting the people and territory of the Alliance: 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
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