Raffles' Banded Langur

Raffles' Banded Langur :: Presbytis femoralis

Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 089

On today’s show we learn about the Raffles' Banded Langur, a critically endangered mammal, a primate, native to southeast Asia, to Singapore and southern Malaysia. Its scientific name is Presbytis femoralis and it was first described in 1838.

For more information about Raffles' Banded Langur conservation please see Mandai Nature at https://www.mandainature.org/.

• (00:05) Intro
• (02:05) Species Information
• (31:03) Citations
• (33:20) Music
• (41:20) Pledge

Research for today’s show was compiled from:

• Ang, A., Boonratana, R. & Nijman, V. 2022. Presbytis femoralis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T39801A215090780. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39801A215090780.en
• Ang, A., D’Rozario, V., Jayasri, S. L., Lees, C. M., Li, T. J., & Luz, S. (2016). Species action plan for the conservation of Raffles’ banded langur (Presbytis femoralis femoralis) in Malaysia and Singapore. IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. – https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47506
• Ang, A., Jabbar, S., D’Rozario, V., & Lakshminarayanan, J. (2021). Citizen science program for critically endangered primates: A case study from Singapore. Primate Conservation, 35, 179–188. – http://www.primate-sg.org/storage/pdf/PC35_Ang_et_al_Citizen_science.pdf
• Ang, A., Roesma, D. I., Nijman, V., Meier, R., Srivathsan, A., & Rizaldi (2020). Faecal DNA to the rescue: Shotgun sequencing of non-invasive samples reveals two subspecies of Southeast Asian primates to be Critically Endangered species. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 9396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66007-8
• Cherian, A. (2023, February). Raffles' banded langur. New England Primate Conservancy. – https://neprimateconservancy.org/raffles-banded-langur/
• Ding Li Yong. (2025). [Sound recording from] Xeno-Canto. XC961056. – https://www.xeno-canto.org/961056
• Er, J. (n.d.). Introducing our elusive wild neighbours. [Singapore] National Parks Board. Retrieved October 3, 2026. – https://www.nparks.gov.sg/publications-resources/articles/introducing-our-elusive-wild-neighbours
• Haris, H., Othman, N., Kaviarasu, M., Najmuddin, M. F., Abdullah-Fauzi, N. A. F., Ramli, F. F., Sariyati, N. H., Ilham-Norhakim, M. L., Md-Zain, B. M., & Abdul-Latiff, M. A. B. (2024). Ethnoprimatology reveals new extended distribution of critically endangered banded langur Presbytis femoralis (Martin, 1838) in Pahang, Malaysia: Insights from indigenous traditional knowledge and molecular analysis. American Journal of Primatology, 86, e23631. – https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23631
• Haris, N. (2021). DNA metabarcoding and phytochemical analysis of plants consumed by banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) in Johor. [N. Haris'] Master's thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. UTHM Institutional Repository. – https://eprints.uthm.edu.my/6435/
• iNaturalist - Singapore
• Lai, D. (2026, August 3). Critically endangered Raffles’ banded langur spotted at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve after 39 years. The Straits Times. – https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/critically-endangered-raffles-banded-langur-spotted-at-bukit-timah-nature-reserve-after-39-years
• Malaysian Palm Oil Council. (2021, September 1). Will Malaysia be able to weather the decline in palm oil exports to the United States? MPOC Market Insight. – https://www.mpoc.org.my/will-malaysia-be-able-to-weather-the-decline-in-palm-oil-exports-to-the-united-states/
• Mittermeier, R. A., Reuter, K. E., Rylands, A. B., Jerusalinsky, L., Schwitzer, C., Strier, K. B., Ratsimbazafy, J., & Humle, T. (Eds.). (2022). Primates in peril: The world’s 25 most endangered primates 2022–2023. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, International Primatological Society, & Re:wild. – https://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/28551465/1665759930773/Top-25-Primates-2022-2023.pdf
• Najmuddin, M. F., Haris, H., Norazlimi, N., Md-Zain, B. M., Abd Rahman, M.-R., Shahrool-Anuar, R., Hassan, A. H., & Abdul-Latiff, M. A. B. (2020). Daily activity budget of banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) in Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(5), 84–97. – https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2020.07.009
• Numata, S., Yamaguchi, K., Shimizu, M., Sakurai, G., Morimoto, A., Alias, N., Noor Azman, N. Z., Hosaka, T., & Satake, A. (2022). Impacts of climate change on reproductive phenology in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Communications Biology, 5(1), Article 311. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03245-8
• Najmuddin, M. F., Haris, H., Norazlimi, N., Ruslin, F., Matsuda, I., Md-Zain, B. M., & Abdul-Latiff, M. A. B. (2021). Dietary habits of free-ranging banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) in a secondary-human modified forest in Johor, Malaysia. Zoological Studies, 60, Article 67. – https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2021.60-67
• Rizaldi, Ilham, K., Prasetio, I., Lee, Z. H., Jabbar, S., & Ang, A. (2019). Preliminary study on the distribution and conservation status of the East Sumatran banded langur Presbytis femoralis percura in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian Primates Journal, 8(1), 25–36. – http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/28234574/1577091893337/2019Dec23_Article_3.pdf
• Tay, L. S., Choo, R., Khoo, M. D. Y., Kong, E., Chan, Y. X., Neo, W. H. Y., Ow, S., Toh, Y. H., Ling, H., Soh, M. C. K., Lee, B. P. Y.-H., Loo, A. H. B., & Er, K. B. H. (2024). A suite of wildlife crossing structures facilitates mammal movement across tropical forest fragments in a city. Ecosphere, 15(12), Article e70114. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70114
• Woolloff, A., Svensson, M. S., Jabbar, S., Ang, A., & Nijman, V. (2023). Population viability analysis of the population of Raffles’ banded langurs Presbytis femoralis in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 71, 542–552. – https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2023-0041
• Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles%27_banded_langur

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A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong!...