第118期：诺奖背后的隐形功臣 - 麻雀，鸡蛋，芦花鸡！（上）

国庆节期间，2026 年的诺奖揭晓了。 历史上这些科学研究巅峰的背后，有不少的鸟类助力了科学的突破。

1902 年诺奖得主罗斯，因人体疟疾实验受阻，改用麻雀开展鸟疟实验，证实蚊虫传播疟原虫，揭开疟疾传播机制。

1929 年，埃克曼通过病鸡实验发现精米致病、糙米可治愈，推动维生素 B1 的发现，奠定维生素学说。

1951 年，泰累尔利用鸡胚培育出黄热病 17D 减毒疫苗，至今仍广泛使用。

1943 年，达姆在雏鸡实验中意外发现维生素 K，解释凝血机制，催生新生儿维 K 预防注射方案。 一只长肉瘤的母鸡带来的劳斯肉瘤病毒研究，更是连摘三次诺奖：1966 年劳斯发现肿瘤病毒。

1975 年科学家据此发现逆转录酶，修正分子生物学中心法则；1989 年毕晓普、瓦穆斯发现原癌基因，革新人类对癌症的认知。鸟类，成为现代医学与分子生物学重要的实验功臣。

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