LLMs and the economics of Evil, Inc., with Manish Goregaokar

Patrick McKenzie (patio11) is joined by Manish Goregaokar, a senior software engineer and member of the Rust security response team, to discuss what LLMs do to the cost side of running a sophisticated con. They walk through a scam built for programmers: a plausible company, a few rounds of interviews, and an NDA signed via "sign in with email" that quietly hands an attacker the identity account everything else resets against. A version of it hit at least five people in the Rust community within days of Manish publishing on the subject, and Patrick describes being targeted himself by someone posing as a Bloomberg reporter who wanted him on a Zoom call with a codec problem. They also cover money mules and the three stages of laundering, the $25 million Hong Kong transfer authorized on a fully deepfaked video call, and why the only durable individual defense is refusing to trust any communication you did not initiate.

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Full transcript available here: https://www.complexsystemspodcast.com/what-llms-do-to-the-economics-of-scams-with-manish-goregaokar/

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Links:

• Manish Goregaokar’s blog: https://manishearth.github.io/  
• Manish on X: https://x.com/ManishEarth

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Timestamps:

(00:00) Intro
(00:27) The future of the con is already here
(01:40) Scams are run like businesses
(03:30) A scam aimed at programmers
(05:12) Why single sign-on is the one ring to rule them all
(06:50) Persistent threats against individuals
(08:58) What LLMs change about cost
(11:40) Manual scams and business email compromise
(14:30) How money movement constrains scammers
(17:39) The industry that helps you pay ransoms
(19:32) Bespoke attacks on individual targets
(21:41) The Rust community gets targeted
(23:02) Supply chain attacks and long-lived impersonation
(24:58) Money mules and the three stages of laundering
(28:35) Why law enforcement struggles with internet crime
(30:01) Sponsors: Mercury │ Granola
(33:03) Patriotic hackers and the post-Soviet talent pool
(35:27) What individuals can do
(36:27) Only trust communication you initiate
(38:21) Wire fraud in real estate closings
(41:07) Why legitimate institutions look like scams
(45:22) Who eats the loss
(47:21) Sponsor: MongoDB
(48:12) Why banks can't just block new payees
(50:45) Verification protocols and family passwords
(53:07) Urgency and secrecy
(54:44) Systemic fixes and who pays
(57:55) Open weights and the coming wave
(01:02:17) Wrap