From flappers to factory workers, and suffrajitsu to cold war kitchens, we track how the 20th century woman was imagined time and again to meet the needs of a nation.
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A production of BRINK
Website: thisispropaganda.show
Instagram: instagram.com/thisispropagandashow
Email: propaganda@brink.com
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CREDITS
Written, Produced, and Hosted by Malcolm Critcher and Joshua Belhumeur
Co-Producer: Reed Chandler
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Some dialogue and quotations have been condensed, paraphrased, or reconstructed based on contemporaneous accounts, interviews, and other source material.
All archival clips from film and television used under fair use, for educational purposes only.
No AI this time. Enjoy my Russian accent.
REFERENCES
Marks, Susan. Finding Betty Crocker: The Secret Life of America's First Lady of Food. Atria Books, 2005.
Purvis, June. Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography. Routledge, 2002.
Lance, Katherine S. “The Suffragette Movement in Great Britain.” M.A. thesis, University of North Texas, 1976.
Imperial War Museums. “Emmeline Pankhurst’s ‘Women’s Great Procession for the Right to Serve,’ 7 July 1915.” IWM Volunteer London Blog, 9 Mar. 2021.
Gullace, Nicoletta F. “White Feathers and Wounded Men: Female Patriotism and the Memory of the Great War.” The Journal of British Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, 1997, pp. 178–206.
Mayhall, Laura E. Nym. The Militant Suffrage Movement: Citizenship and Resistance in Britain, 1860–1930. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Singh, Neha Reka. “The Flapper Girl’s Impact on Consumerism.” B.A. thesis, University of Toronto, 2020.
Singh, Neha Reka. “The Flapper in Advertisements – A Symbol of Women’s Liberation or Infantilisation?” Gender, Culture and Text (University of Glasgow), 29 Apr. 2021.
Honey, Maureen. Bitter Fruit: African American Women in World War II. University of Missouri Press, 1999.
“Women and Work After World War II.” American Experience, PBS, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tupperware-work.
United States, Women’s Bureau. Women Workers in Ten War Production Areas and Their Postwar Employment Plans. U.S. Department of Labor, 1946.
“Women Workers Protest the Loss of Jobs at Ford Motor Co.” Center for the Study of Working Class Life, Brown University (via WWII Women Project), n.d.
Mulcahy, William. Quoted in “Rosie the Riveter Delivered Miracles During WWII.” USO Stories, USO, 21 May 2012.
Nixon, Sean. Hard Sell: Advertising, Affluence and Transatlantic Relations, c.1951–69. Manchester University Press, 2013.
May, Elaine Tyler. Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. Basic Books, 1988.
Hixson, Walter L. Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945–1961. St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
United States, Central Intelligence Agency. Transcript of the “Kitchen Debate” Between Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev, 24 July 1959. CIA Reading Room, 1959.
Castillo, Greg. “Domesticating the Cold War: Household Consumption as Propaganda in Marshall Plan Germany.” Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 40, no. 2, 2005, pp. 261–288.
Dooley, Brian. “Were Women Better Off in the US or USSR During the Cold War?” Time, 23 July 2019.
Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton, 1963.
DIGITAL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrajitsu
https://suffragettestories.omeka.net/exhibits/show/exhibit-militancy/militancy-1
https://www.azquotes.com/quote/904196
https://iwmvolunteerlondon.wordpress.com/2021/03/10/emmeline-pankhursts-womens-great-procession-for-the-right-to-serve-7-july-1917/
https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-969385/womens-right-to-serve-march/
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/white-feather-girls-womens-militarism-in-uk/
https://theleftberlin.com/socialist-women-against-war-when-sylvia-pankhurst-fought-against-war-and-imperialism/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zsjg3j6
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ushistory2ay/chapter/the-new-woman-2/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-history-of-the-flapper-part-1-a-call-for-freedom-11957978/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/flapper
https://gendercultureandtext.glasgow.ac.uk/index.php/2021/04/29/the-flapper-in-advertisements-a-symbol-of-womens-liberation-or-immorality/
https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/common-threads-using-womens-suffrage-to-sell-soup-and-cereal
https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/rosie-wendy-and-government-girls
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5648367/
https://ekrose.github.io/files/rise_and_fall.pdf
https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/women-s-studies-and-feminism/66-million-women-enter-us-labor-force
https://ekrose.github.io/files/rise_and_fall.pdf
https://www.illustrationhistory.org/essays/flapper-fashion-illustrating-the-garments-worn-by-the-modern-woman-during-the-jazz-age-1919-1942
https://fairfieldmuseum.omeka.net/exhibits/show/flappers/mass-media
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=gc_etds
https://gendercultureandtext.glasgow.ac.uk/index.php/2021/04/29/the-flapper-in-advertisements-a-symbol-of-womens-liberation-or-immorality/
https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/tobacco-industry-marketing/three-key-moments-history-marketing-tobacco-women
https://rosietheriveter.net/honoring-our-countrys-black-rosies/
https://sankofaimpact.org/black-riveters/
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/7027/
https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/wwii-women.html
https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/how-one-rosie-the-riveter-poster-won-out-over-all-the-others-and-became-a-symbol-of-female-empowerment
https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/honoring-rosie-riveter-and-women-who-won-war
https://hennepinhistory.org/marketing-the-modern-woman/
https://www.lapl.org/whats-on/exhibits/defining-their-identity-changing-roles-woman-post-war-era-documented-valley-times
https://envisioningtheamericandream.com/2015/03/16/operation-june-cleaver/
http://femarburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Christin-Stracke-2013_Post-War-America.pdf
https://macreativearts.com/articles/repositioning-of-women-from-being-producers-to-consumers-in-the-post-world-war-ii-period-through-advertising-in-the-united-states-of-america/
https://massbudget.org/2021/08/06/a-history-of-racist-federal-housing-policies/
https://moodle.unifr.ch/pluginfile.php/1561674/mod_resource/content/0/Castillo%20-%202005%20-%20Domesticating%20the%20Cold%20War%20Household%20Consumption%20.pdf
https://www.tchabitat.org/blog/race-and-housing-series-the-gi-bill
https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/shepherd-university/us-1865-to-present/homeward-bound-containment-at-home-in-the-cold-war-era-hist-101/140527676
http://femarburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Christin-Stracke-2013_Post-War-America.pdf
https://www.mcny.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/Wall%20Street%20Journal_Mac%20Conner%20review_8.10.14.pdf
https://gizmodo.com/the-all-american-expo-that-invaded-cold-war-russia-550628823
https://time.com/5630567/kitchen-debate-women/
https://wams.nyhistory.org/primary-source/the-kitchen-debate/
https://watergate.info/1959/07/24/kitchen-debate-nixon-khrushchev.html/
https://time.com/5630567/kitchen-debate-women/
https://reuther.wayne.edu/node/10127
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Feminine-Mystique
https://truthout.org/articles/betty-friedans-the-feminine-mystique-50-years-later/
https://englishiva1011.pbworks.com/f/PROBNONM.PDF
https://www.athabascau.ca/humanities-and-social-sciences/_documents/forrest.pdf
ARCHIVAL
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504400/m2/1/high_res_d/1002772759-Lance.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24409414
http://www.micheleleigh.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Spigel.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/1959-07-24.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41834310
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390661-5.pdf
MUSIC ATTRIBUTION
TURN IT UP (00:05)
Performed by Out of Flux
Licensed from Artlist
SAMIZDAT (00: 29)
Written and Performed by Joshua Belhumeur
SWIOLA (00:42)
Performed by Django Reinhardt
Used for educational purposes only.
THE MARCH OF THE WOMEN (02:20)
Performed by Songs of Sunrise Choral Group
Used for educational purposes only.
WELCOME TO OUR SHOW (05:38)
Performed by OP Baron
Licensed from Artlist
ROSIE THE RIVETER (07:56)
Performed by Four Vagabonds
Used for educational purposes only.
PAPER WINGS (09:18)
Performed by Sister
Licensed from Artlist
UN PTI BOUT DAVENIR (11:00)
Performed by Nono
Licensed from Artlist
A PROPAGANDIST WALKS INTO A PIANO BAR (13:28)
Written and Performed by Joshua Belhumeur
BALAD TO A MEXICAN DESERT (15:46)
Performed by Yehezkal Raz
Licensed from Artlist
QUARTET IN F MAJOR (17:54)
Composed by Ravel
Performed by The Juilliard String Quartet
BEYOND THE ZERO (20:14)
Written and Performed by Joshua Belhumeur
I WANT YOU TO WANT ME (23:25)
Performed by Dan Pundak
Licensed from Artlist