Rabbi Jeff Marx has written a new book, Jewish Firebugs: Arson and Antisemitism from the Civil War to World War I, and he does something almost nobody has tried before. He tells the story behind the charge that Jews deliberately set fires in order to collect insurance money – “Jewish lightning.”
In fact, there were real Jewish arsonists who operated in American cities for roughly sixty years, and Jeff tells those stories. He begins with the 1867 "Jew risks" affair, when major fire insurance companies instructed their agents to deny policies to Jews outright. He follows the stereotype through three decades of trade-press obsession, into vaudeville sketches and silent films, and into real criminal networks of torches, public adjusters, and fire brokers.
So, yes: there were actual Jewish arsonists. But, they were extremely few in proportion to the population -- approximately 200 individuals, or roughly one one-thousandth of one percent of New York City’s population. Despite this tiny number, their cases became front-page news and were syndicated across the United States.
But, then again, there were also Italian, Greek, and Black Americans. The fact that Jewish suspects were framed through ethnicity while others were not raised a central question for the book: why did Jewish arson cases become the basis for a broader ethnic stereotype?
We talk about why he chose arson over the more familiar stories of Jewish bootlegging and gambling; about the progression from caricatures, stereotypes, and most dangerously, antisemitic narratives which emerge when stereotypes depict Jews as malevolent conspirators, echoing European tropes of Jews plotting harm; and about what it meant to write this history with his own parents watching over the dedication page, with their own whispers of -- you guessed it -- shanda.
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