The birds were dying, people were getting sick, and one veterinary pathologist refused to accept that it was a coincidence.
In the summer of 1999, Dr. Tracey McNamara was investigating an extraordinary wave of bird deaths at the Bronx Zoo just as people in Queens were being hospitalized with a mysterious neurologic illness. When the human outbreak was initially attributed to St. Louis encephalitis, Dr. McNamara knew the diagnosis didn't explain what she was seeing in the birds. She kept pushing even when public health officials dismissed the veterinary evidence. Her persistence, along with testing performed by the USDA and U.S. Army, helped connect the animal and human outbreaks and identify the arrival of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. More than 25 years later, her story remains a striking example of both the power of One Health surveillance and what can happen when animal and human health systems fail to communicate.
Key Takeaways
Animals can provide an early warning. Dead birds became an important sentinel for West Nile virus surveillance and human risk. CDC West Nile surveillance and ArboNET
Veterinary laboratories matter. The USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories isolated the virus from the zoo birds after testing ruled out other major avian pathogens. USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories
Data only help when they are shared. Today's National Wildlife Disease Database is designed to bring wildlife health information together for earlier detection of emerging threats. National Wildlife Disease Database
One Health surveillance is still evolving. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is working to integrate human, animal, environmental and other health data for earlier warning and better decision-making. PNNL AI-Driven One Health Security
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By doing so, we strive for: 1) increased pet health literacy among pet owners, 2) improved partnership between clients and the veterinary team, 3) improved medical outcomes for pets, and 4) improved quality of life and efficiency for veterinarians.
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