The data industry has shifted from disputes over storage formats to a strategic competition for control over the metadata and governance layer. While Apache Iceberg has standardised how data is stored, the Iceberg REST Catalog specification fails to address how permissions, masking, and security policies are managed. This gap creates a new form of vendor lock-in, as proprietary governance models are difficult to migrate even if the underlying files are open. Projects like Apache Polaris offer a neutral, vendor-independent alternative, whereas Unity Catalog provides deep integration at the cost of full interoperability. Ultimately, true platform portability depends on the governance plane rather than just the storage format, requiring architects to choose between managed convenience and independent control.
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