104. Linoleic acid and metabolic disease

The discussion over what aspect of our diet has been driving the escalation of metabolic disease over the last 100 years has been a confusing one full of contradictory information.

It would be logical to look for a change in our diet associated with such a dramatic change in the health of a population

There are both correlated evidence and dietary trials to support the theory that the increase in linoleic acid, provided by the introduction of PUFA processed oils into our diet, is the driver.

In this episode of Hunger Hunt Feast, I want to share a collection of them to help clarify some of the confusion.

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Episode Specific Links: 

• Linoleic acid concentrations in fats and oils
  • http://www.distributionkatrina.com/english/comparison-of-dietary-fats.html
• Increase in Adipose Tissue Linoleic Acid of US Adults in the Last Half-Century
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4642429/
• Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520346733
• Diets could prevent many diseases
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10673140_Diets_could_prevent_many_diseases
• Corn Oil in Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease
  • https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2166702/
• Linoleic acid causes greater weight gain than saturated fat without hypothalamic inflammation in the male mouse
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886622/#:~:text=the%20male%20mouse-,Linoleic%20acid%20causes%20greater%20weight%20gain%20than%20saturated%20fat%20without,doi%3A%2010.1016%2Fj
• Effects of fatty acids on mitochondria: implications for cell death
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12206909/
• Can linoleic acid contribute to coronary artery disease?
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8192728/
• Effects of linoleate-enriched and oleate-enriched diets in combination with alpha-tocopherol on the susceptibility of LDL and LDL subfractions to oxidative modification in humans
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8148354/
• Acrolein is a product of lipid peroxidation reaction
  • https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)80708-6/fulltext#seccestitle90
• The role of dietary oxidized cholesterol and oxidized fatty acids in the development of atherosclerosis
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16270280/
• Rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets enhance platelet in vitro aggregation and thromboxane production in healthy men when compared with milk fat or habitual diets
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1641826/
• Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Morbidly Obese Subjects
  • https://link.springer.com/article/10.2119/molmed.2010.00078
• Circulating levels of linoleic acid and HDL-cholesterol are major determinants of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in patients with heart failure
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909262/
• Circulating levels of linoleic acid and HDL-cholesterol are major determinants of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in patients with heart failure
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909262/
• Role of Physiological Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal on Adipocyte Biology: Implications for Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038367/
• "The Hateful Eight: Enemy Fats That Destroy Your Health - Dr. Cate." Dr. Cate, 22 May 2020, 
  • https://drcate.com/the-hateful-eight-enemy-fats-that-destroy-your-health/
• Effects of diets enriched in linoleic acid and its peroxidation products on brain fatty acids, oxylipins, and aldehydes in mice
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6180905/
• Strong increase in hydroxy fatty acids derived from linoleic acid in human low-density lipoproteins of atherosclerotic patients
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488997/
• Brief episode of STZ-induced hyperglycemia produces cardiac abnormalities in rats fed a diet rich in n-6 PUFA
  • https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpheart.00480.2004?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org
• Changes in Dietary Fat Intake Alter Plasma Levels of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein(a)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844997/
• "Dr. Knobbe Presents, 'Macular Degeneration - Preventable & Treatable - With an Ancestral Diet?' at Weston A. Price Foundation's Annual Conference - Wise Traditions - 2017 - Cure AMD Foundation." Cure AMD Foundation,
  • https://www.cureamd.org/dr-knobbe-presents-macular-degeneration-preventable-treatable-with-an-ancestral-diet-at-weston-a-price-foundations-annual-conference-wise-traditions-2017/
• Unsaturated fatty acids and their oxidation products stimulate CD36 expression in human macrophages
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11260045_Unsaturated_fatty_acids_and_their_oxidation_products_stimulate_CD36_expression_in_human_macrophages
• Lowering dietary linoleic acid (LA) reduces bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in humans
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3467319/
• Can linoleic acid contribute to coronary artery disease?
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15005994_Can_linoleic_acid_contribute_to_coronary_artery_disease
• A high linoleic acid diet increases oxidative stress in vivo and affects nitric oxide metabolism in humans
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844997/
• Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2-AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2012.38
• Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis
  • https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.e8707

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QUICK EPISODE SUMMARY

• What causes modern disease
• The hateful eight oils
• The correlation between vegetable oils and obesity
• The oxidation effects of LDL
• The truth about the dairy data
• How much cholesterol is in your brain 
• Where you can find a copy of today's mentioned study
• What we know about Linoleic acid