Malaysia’s Rare Earths: Beyond Raw Exports

Malaysia has approved its first export of unprocessed rare earths under a new regulatory framework, signalling a shift in its approach to developing a strategically important industry. With growing interest from American investors and intensifying competition between the US and China for critical minerals, Malaysia faces a choice between exporting raw materials and building a higher-value domestic processing industry. We examine the opportunities for investment, technology transfer and skilled employment, the potential benefits of ASEAN cooperation, and whether Malaysia can develop its rare earth resources without compromising environmental safeguards.

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