This is episode 45 called Umayyad interventions and in this episode you will learn: SHOW NOTES - A brief overview of the history of Catalonia of the 950s and 960s - Muslim expeditions against the Kingdom of León during the reign of Ordoño III - The Umayyad interventions in North Africa and Umayyad-Fatimid conflict in the 950s - Civil war during the reign of Ordoño III of León and its aftermath - The coup d’état against Sancho the Fat - The trip of Toda of Pamplona and Sancho the Fat to Córdoba to ask for the help of Abd al-Rahman III - The Umayyad-Christian coalition to depose Ordoño IV of León - The legacy of Abd al-Rahman III - The humiliating audience of Ordoño IV with al-Hakam II of Córdoba - The failed Christian anti-Cordoban coalition and the succession of Sancho the Fat - A reflection about why the fact that Christian rulers declared themselves vassals of the Caliphate of Córdoba is often forgotten Rss Apple Podcaster →