We examine how French Canada and its indigenous allies weathered the apocalyptic disasters of the mid-1600s, giving shape in the process to a new, distinctly Canadian form of mystical and penitential piety. We trace how in the 1660s, the new absolutist regime under the young Louis XIV and Colbert took the colony under direct royal rule, investing immense resources into the colonizing venture, pacifying the enemies of the French, and enabling ambitious imperial officials like Jean Talon to enlarge Canada into a full-fledged province, comprising extensive agricultural lands along the Saint Lawrence, a complex tiered social structure, an autonomous church, and a sprawling network of outposts, forts, and missions stretching as far as the Mississippi and modern-day Manitoba. Finally, we see how English expansion both in the south and in the north ended the interval of peace, reigniting war along new frontiers, and ultimately pulling Canada into a vortex of inter-imperial war from which it would never fully escape.
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Image: Reliquary with relics of three of the Canadian Martyrs (Chabanel, Jogues, & Daniel), held by the archives of the Jesuit Province of Quebec
Suggested Further Reading: Riendeau, “A Brief History of Canada”; Moogk, “La Nouvelle France: The Making of French Canada”; Linteau, “The History of Montreal”; Greg Koabel, “The Nations of Canada” podcast,
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