Lipid injectable emulsions (ILEs) are complex pharmaceutical formulations intended as a source of energy and fatty acids for parenteral nutrition (PN). Part 1 of this series addressed adult use. Part 2 addresses ILE safety in neonatal and pediatric patients, who often require higher doses compared with adults to support growth, development, and daily metabolic needs. ILE is often administered as a separate infusion owing to compatibility and stability issues and limitations of access. It is associated with PN errors in the administration, prescribing, and transcribing processes and has been associated with adverse effects, including effects from doses exceeding manufacturer recommendations. This paper describes safe use of ILE products for US neonatal and pediatric patients, including indications, prescribing, order review, preparation, administration, and monitoring.
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