In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Hajj is an essential obligation in Islam, made mandatory in the 9th year of Hijra. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed Hajj in the 10th year, known as the Farewell Hajj. The Prophet (PBUH) performed Hajj Qiran, while most companions intended Hajj Ifrad. He instructed them to perform Tamattu as they were unaware of the correct procedures.
There are three types of Hajj: Tamattu, Ifrad, and Qiran. In Tamattu and Qiran, both Umrah and Hajj are performed in one journey, whereas, in Ifrad, only Hajj is performed. Certain restrictions apply during the state of Ihram, such as not wearing stitched clothing, applying perfume, or hunting.
Upon reaching Mecca, pilgrims perform Tawaf, followed by Sa'i between Safa and Marwah. Those performing Tamattu exit the state of Ihram and re-enter it on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah. Pilgrims go to Mina on the 8th, Arafat on the 9th for supplication until sunset, and then to Muzdalifah for combined prayers and overnight stay. On the 10th, they perform the stoning of Jamrat al-Aqabah, sacrifice an animal, and shave or cut their hair, followed by Tawaf al-Ifadah.
They perform stoning on the 11th and 12th and may stay for the 13th for an additional stoning. Before leaving Mecca, they perform the Farewell Tawaf, completing the major rituals of Hajj.
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