Thermodynamics provides a robust conceptual framework and

set of laws that govern the exchange of energy and matter.

Although these laws were originally articulated for macroscopic

objects, nanoscale systems also exhibit “thermodynamic-like”

behavior – for instance, biomolecular motors convert chemical

fuel into mechanical work. To what extent can the laws of

thermodynamics be scaled down to apply to individual

microscopic systems, and what new features emerge at the

nanoscale? I will describe some of the recent progress and

challenges associated with addressing these questions.

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